Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.005517
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Case Report

Tratamento endovascular da hemorragia digestiva aguda por volumoso pseudoaneurisma esplênico: relato de caso e revisão da literatura

Endovascular treatment of acute gastrointestinal bleeding from a large splenic artery pseudoaneurysm: case report and literature review

Paulo Roberto Prette Junior, Felipe Borges Fagundes, Livia Ramos Carvalho Marchon, Rodrigo de Rezende Teixeira Maciel, Igor Miguel Martins, Cristina Ribeiro Riguetti-Pinto

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Resumo

O pseudoaneurisma da artéria esplênica é uma entidade rara, com pouco mais de 150 casos descritos na literatura. A pancreatite é a etiologia mais comum, seguida do trauma. Em contraposição ao aneurisma verdadeiro, esse pseudoaneurisma é frequentemente sintomático, com risco de ruptura de 47% e mortalidade de 90%, quando não tratado. Descrevemos o caso de uma paciente de 48 anos que apresentou hemorragia gastrointestinal associada a pancreatite crônica agudizada. Durante investigação, a endoscopia evidenciou sinais de sangramento recente, e a angiorressonância de abdome observou volumoso pseudoaneurisma da artéria esplênica. Foi submetida a tratamento endovascular com embolização com micromolas, não apresentando novos episódios de sangramento. Atualmente, o tratamento endovascular é efetivo com baixa morbimortalidade e taxas de sucesso de 79-100%, sendo uma técnica viável para pacientes com processo inflamatório abdominal em franca atividade. Realizamos uma revisão das técnicas endovasculares e agentes embolizantes usados para o tratamento dessa patologia.

Palavras-chave

cirurgia endovascular; pseudoaneurisma; artéria esplênica; embolização terapêutica; pancreatite; aneurisma.

Abstract

Pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery is a rare entity, with little more than 150 cases described in the literature. Pancreatitis is the most common etiology, followed by trauma. In contrast with true aneurysms, pseudoaneurysms are frequently symptomatic, with a 47% risk of rupture and 90% mortality if left untreated. We describe the case of a 48-year-old female patient who suffered a gastrointestinal hemorrhage associated with acute-on-chronic pancreatitis. During workup, endoscopy revealed signs of recent bleeding and magnetic resonance angiography of the abdomen showed a large pseudoaneurysm of the splenic artery. The patient underwent endovascular treatment with microcoil embolization and no further bleeding episodes occurred. Endovascular treatment is now an effective option with low morbidity and mortality and success rates in the range of 79-100%, making it a viable technique for patients with active abdominal inflammation. We conducted a review of endovascular techniques and embolization agents used to treat this pathology.

Keywords

endovascular surgery; pseudoaneurysm; splenic artery; therapeutic embolization; pancreatitis; aneurysm.

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