Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.010817
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Review Article

Profilaxia do tromboembolismo venoso em viagens aéreas

Venous thromboembolism prophylaxis on flights

Marcos Arêas Marques, Marilia Duarte Brandão Panico, Carmen Lucia Lascasas Porto, Ana Letícia de Matos Milhomens, Juliana de Miranda Vieira

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Resumo

A aviação civil vem apresentando aumento progressivo do número de voos regulares nos últimos 10 anos e, em função disso, mais passageiros estão sendo transportados em viagens aéreas (VAs). Associado a isso, há um aumento das doenças relacionadas às VAs, especialmente naquelas de longa duração. Uma das complicações mais temidas dos voos é o tromboembolismo venoso (TEV), mas a sua real incidência é de difícil mensuração devido à falta de consenso sobre, por exemplo, quanto tempo após o pouso podemos considerar que o TEV possa estar relacionado à VA realizada ou mesmo quanto tempo de voo pode ser considerado como de longa duração. Muito tem se discutido sobre os mecanismos fisiopatológicos do TEV relacionado às VAs, quais passageiros são os de maior risco e quais medidas profiláticas podemos adotar com segurança e eficácia. O objetivo desta revisão é esclarecer esses pontos e as condutas consensuais atuais.

Palavras-chave

trombose venosa profunda; embolia pulmonar; viagem aérea; medicina aeroespacial; profilaxia.

Abstract

Civil aviation has seen a steady increase in the number of scheduled flights over the last ten years and, as a result, more passengers are traveling by air. This has been associated with an increase in flight-related diseases, especially on long-haul flights. One of the most feared complications during flights is venous thromboembolism (VTE), but its true incidence is difficult to measure because of a lack of consensus on elements such as the definition of how long after landing a VTE can be considered to be related to a flight and even how long a flight must last to be considered of long duration. There has been much discussion of the pathophysiological mechanisms of flight-related VTE, of which passengers are at greatest risk, and of what prophylactic measures can be adopted safely and effectively. The purpose of this review is to clarify these points and describe current consensual conduct.

Keywords

deep vein thrombosis; pulmonary embolism; air travel; aerospace medicine; prophylaxis

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