Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.190025
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Lesão aguda da parede arterial provocada pelo método de interrupção temporária de fluxo em diferentes vias de cirurgia aórtica: estudo morfológico e biomecânico da aorta de porcos

Acute aortic wall injury caused by aortic cross-clamping: morphological and biomechanical study of the aorta in a swine model of three aortic surgery approaches

Marcela Polachini Prata; Rodrigo Gibin Jaldin; Pedro Luiz Toledo de Arruda Lourenção; Marcone Lima Sobreira; Ricardo de Alvarenga Yoshida; Simone Antunes Terra; Rosa Marlene Viero; Winston Bonetti Yoshida

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Resumo

Resumo: Contexto: O clampeamento aórtico e a oclusão da aorta com balão poderiam levar a lesões na parede aórtica.

Objetivo: O objetivo deste estudo foi verificar as alterações da parede aórtica relacionadas ao método de interrupção de fluxo (cample ou balão) em diferentes técnicas disponíveis para cirurgia de aorta.

Métodos: Os experimentos foram realizados em 40 porcos fêmeas pesando de 25-30 kg, alocados para quatro grupos: S (n = 10), nenhuma intervenção (sham); C (n = 10), laparotomia mediana transperitoneal para acesso à aorta abdominal infrarrenal com tempo de clampeamento de 60 minutos; L (n = 10), cirurgia laparoscópica da aorta abdominal infrarrenal com tempo de clampeamento de 60 minutos; EV (n = 10), controle aórtico proximal com inserção de cateter-balão para oclusão aórtica por acesso femoral, inflado a fim de promover oclusão aórtica contínua por 60 minutos. Após a eutanásia, as aortas foram removidas e seccionadas para obtenção de espécimes histológicos destinados a análises morfométricas e por microscopia de luz. Os fragmentos longitudinais restantes foram estirados até a ruptura, e determinaram-se padrões mecânicos.

Resultados: Observou-se redução do limite de proporcionalidade da aorta abdominal, diminuição da rigidez e da carga de ruptura nos grupos submetidos a campleamento aórtico (C e L) em comparação ao grupo EV.

Conclusões: O campleamento aórtico durante cirurgia aberta ou laparoscópica pode afetar as propriedades mecânicas da aorta, ocasionando redução de resistência da parede aórtica sem desencadear alterações na estrutura histológica da parede aórtica.

Palavras-chave

aorta abdominal, resistência à tração, estresse mecânico, dispositivos de oclusão vascular

Abstract

Background: Aortic cross-clamping and balloon occlusion of the aorta could lead to damage to the aorta wall. Objective: The aim of this study was to investigate changes to the aorta wall related to the method used to interrupt flow (clamping or balloon) in the different techniques available for aortic surgery. Methods: Experiments were performed on 40 female pigs, weighing 25-30kg, which were randomly allocated to 4 study groups: S (n=10), no intervention (sham group); C (n=10), midline transperitoneal laparotomy for infrarenal abdominal aortic access with 60 min of cross-clamping; L (n=10), laparoscopic infrarenal abdominal aortic surgery with 60 min of cross-clamping; EV (n=10), remote proximal aortic control with transfemoral arterial insertion of aortic occlusion balloon catheter, inflated to provide continued aortic occlusion for 60min. After euthanasia, the aortas were removed and cross-sectioned to obtain histological specimens for light microscopic and morphometric analyses. The remaining longitudinal segments were stretched to rupture and mechanical parameters were determined. Results: We observed a reduction in the yield point of the abdominal aorta, decrease in stiffness and in failure load in the aortic cross-clamping groups (C and L) compared with the EV group. Conclusions: Aortic cross-clamping during open or laparoscopic surgery can affect the mechanical properties of the aorta leading to decrease in resistance of the aorta wall, without structural changes in aorta wall histology

Keywords

abdominal aorta; tensile strength; mechanical stress; vascular closure devices.

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