Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/1677-5449.210130
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Tratamento endovascular de doença oclusiva venosa central com fístula arteriovenosa funcionante

Endovascular treatment of central vein occlusion in patients with functioning arteriovenous fistulas

Alex Aparecido Cantador; Lucas Lembrança Pinheiro; Ana Terezinha Guillaumon

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Resumo

Resumo: Contexto: A maior sobrevida dos doentes dialíticos somada à incapacidade de obtenção de órgãos suficientes para atender a demanda, bem como à dificuldade de acesso aos serviços de saúde, levou ao aumento da fila para transplante e ao prolongamento do tempo de utilização do acesso venoso central para hemodiálise. A etiologia mais comum de estenose de veia central é o acesso venoso central prolongado, pelas lesões intimais decorrentes da presença do cateter.

Objetivos: Avaliar resultados de angioplastia para tratamento de doença oclusiva venosa central com fístula arteriovenosa periférica funcionante.

Métodos: Estudo tipo coorte retrospectivo com revisão de prontuários de 47 doentes com lesões estenóticas ou oclusivas. A avaliação dos doentes foi realizada em 30 dias, 6 meses e 1 ano após a recanalização ou correção da estenose com ATP ou ATP/aplicação de stent.

Resultados: Lesões estenóticas foram encontradas em 25 doentes (53%), e oclusões, em 22 (47%) doentes. A angioplastia percutânea transluminal (ATP) com stent foi utilizada em 64% dos doentes, e angioplastia isolada com balão, em 36% deles. A análise de resultados clínicos mostrou elevada taxa de melhora clínica precoce (30 dias) em 82% dos doentes (intervalo de confiança [IC] 71-93%). Após 1 ano de seguimento, a taxa de perviedade primária foi de 57%, e a taxa de perviedade primária assistida foi de 72% (IC 57-84%).

Conclusão: O tratamento endovascular das estenoses ou oclusões de veia central sugere melhora clínica dos sintomas e taxas adequadas de perviedade no período de 1 ano, apesar da limitação no tamanho amostral.

Palavras-chave

estenose, veia central, angioplastia, stent

Abstract

Background: The increased survival of dialysis patients and the inability to obtain sufficient organs to meet demand for transplantation, compounded by poor access to health services, have caused the transplant waiting lists to grow, extending the time spent using central venous accesses for hemodialysis. The most common etiology of central vein stenosis is prolonged central venous access, due to intimal injuries caused by the presence of the catheter. Objectives: To assess the results of angioplasty to treat central vein occlusion in patients with functioning peripheral arteriovenous fistulas. Methods: Retrospective cohort study with review of medical records from 47 patients with stenotic or occlusive lesions. Patients were assessed at 30 days, 6 months, and 1 year after recanalization or correction of stenosis with transluminal percutaneous angioplasty (TPA) or TPA/stenting. Results: Stenotic lesions were detected in 25 patients (53%) and occlusions were found in 22 (47%) patients. TPA with stenting was used in 64% of patients and balloon angioplasty in isolation was used in 36%. Analysis of clinical results showed a high rate of early clinical improvement (30 days), seen in 82% of patients (confidence interval [CI] 71-93%). After 1 year of follow-up, the primary patency rate was 57% and the assisted primary patency rate was 72% (CI 57-84%). Conclusions: Endovascular treatment of central vein stenosis or occlusions suggests clinical improvement of symptoms and adequate rates of patency at 1 year, notwithstanding the limited sample size.

Keywords

stenosis; central vein; angioplasty; stent.

References

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Submitted date:
07/12/2021

Accepted date:
01/13/2022

Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)"> Sociedade Brasileira de Angiologia e Cirurgia Vascular (SBACV)">
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