Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492007000100013
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Case Report

Tratamento do aneurisma da aorta toracoabdominal com endoprótese ramificada para as artérias viscerais

Branched endovascular stent graft for thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm repair

André Simi; Renato Ishii; Marcelo Ferreira; Anelise Santos; Antonio Carlos Simi

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492007000100013 J Vasc Bras, vol.6, n1, p.86-91, 2007
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Resumo

Apresentamos um caso de aneurisma da aorta toracoabdominal (AATA) tratado, exclusivamente, pela técnica endovascular, utilizando uma endoprótese ramificada e customizada. Paciente do sexo feminino, 68 anos de idade, tabagista, hipertensa, portadora de extenso AATA e múltiplas comorbidades que restringiam a indicação de cirurgia convencional. O aneurisma iniciava-se na aorta torácica descendente, estendendo-se até a aorta abdominal infra-renal, envolvendo as emergências das artérias viscerais, tronco celíaco, artérias mesentérica superior e renais. O AATA foi tratado pela técnica endovascular com implante de uma endoprótese ramificada. Essa endoprótese ramificada foi customizada com base nas características anatômicas da aorta e no posicionamento dos ramos viscerais, obtidos em angiotomografia, objetivando excluir o aneurisma, mantendo a perfusão das artérias viscerais. O procedimento foi realizado em centro cirúrgico, sob anestesia combinada, regional e geral, antecedido de drenagem liquórica e sob orientação fluoroscópica. O acesso para o implante do corpo principal da endoprótese ramificada e o controle radiológico foram realizados através das artérias femorais, previamente dissecadas. Através das ramificações da endoprótese, foram implantadas extensões secundárias, com stents revestidos, para as respectivas artérias viscerais, cujo acesso foi realizado via artéria axilar esquerda. O tempo total do procedimento foi de 14 horas, com 4 horas e 30 minutos de fluoroscopia, e foram utilizados 120 mL de contraste iodado. No pós-operatório, a paciente apresentou instabilidade hemodinâmica. Ecocardiograma transesofágico mostrou dissecção retrógrada da aorta torácica, tipo A, seguida de trombose espontânea da falsa luz. A tomografia de controle mostrou exclusão do AATA e perviedade das pontes para os ramos viscerais, sem vazamentos. A alta ocorreu no 13º dia de pós-operatório. O tratamento endovascular do AATA com endoprótese ramificada é factível. A melhora dos recursos técnicos e da qualidade dos materiais poderá ampliar a indicação desse procedimento como alternativa à cirurgia aberta.

Palavras-chave

Aneurisma toracoabdominal, endoprótese ramificada, artérias viscerais

Abstract

We report a case of branched stent graft system for endovascular repair of thoracoabdominal aortic aneurysm (TAAA). A 68-year-old female patient, smoker, hypertensive, with a large TAAA and multiple comorbid conditions that restricted indication for conventional surgery. The aneurysm originated from the descending thoracic aorta, extending until the infrarenal abdominal aorta, involving the emergence of visceral arteries, celiac trunk, superior and renal mesenteric arteries. The TAAA was treated with the endovascular technique using a branched stent graft. This stent graft was customized based on the anatomical characteristics of the aorta and on the position of visceral branches, which were obtained by tomographic angiography, with the aim of excluding the aneurysm and maintaining perfusion of visceral arteries. The procedure was performed under regional and general anesthesia in the surgical room, preceded by cerebrospinal fluid drainage under fluoroscopic guidance. The femoral arteries, which were previously dissected, were used to implement the branched stent graft and for radiological control. Through the stent graft branches, secondary extensions were implanted, with covered stents, to the respective visceral arteries, which were approached via left axillary artery. Total operative time was 14 hours, 4 hours and 30 minutes of fluoroscopy time and 120 mL of iodinated contrast. The patient became hemodynamically unstable after the surgery. Transesophageal echocardiogram showed a type A retrograde dissection of the thoracic aorta, followed by spontaneous thrombosis of the false lumen. Control tomography showed exclusion of the TAAA and patency of the bypasses to visceral branches, with no endoleaks. The patient was discharged on the 13th postoperative day. Branched endovascular stent graft for TAAA repair is feasible. Improvements in techniques and materials may increase the indication of branched stent graft as an alternative to open surgery.

Keywords

Thoracoabdominal aneurysm, branched stent graft, visceral arteries

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