Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492007000300007
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Probabilidade de refluxo nas veias safenas de mulheres com diferentes graus de insuficiência venosa crônica

Reflux probability in saphenous veins of women with different degrees of chronic venous insufficiency

Maria Fernanda Cassou; Patrícia Carla Zanelatto Gonçalves; Carlos Alberto Engelhorn

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492007000300007 J Vasc Bras, vol.6, n3, p.238-245, 2007
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Resumo

CONTEXTO: A presença de refluxo nas junções safeno-femoral e safeno-poplítea é um dado importante para programação da cirurgia de varizes. Estudos mostraram que, na maioria dos pacientes com insuficiência venosa crônica, as junções estão competentes, e o refluxo está presente ao longo do trajeto das veias safenas. OBJETIVOS: Identificar probabilidade de diferentes padrões de refluxo nas veias safenas de mulheres com vários graus de insuficiência venosa crônica e avaliar se o comprometimento das junções das safenas está associado com gravidade da insuficiência venosa. MÉTODOS: Um total de 1.184 membros inferiores de 672 mulheres foram estudados pela ultra-sonografia vascular com Doppler colorido e avaliados pela classificação clínica, etiológica, anatômica e patológica (CEAP). As extremidades foram agrupadas de acordo com a gravidade da insuficiência venosa em graus leve (CEAP C1-C2), moderado (CEAP C3) e grave (CEAP C4-C6). Para avaliar a classificação clínica CEAP na predição do padrão de refluxo, utilizou-se o Teorema de Bayers. Para avaliar associação entre classificação clínica CEAP e padrões de refluxo com ou sem comprometimento das junções das safenas, utilizou-se o teste qui-quadrado (p < 0,05). RESULTADOS: Das 1.184 extremidades avaliadas, 50,2% apresentavam varizes sem edema (CEAP C2). O padrão de refluxo segmentar foi o mais freqüente nas veias safenas magna (35,14%) e parva (8%), independente da gravidade da insuficiência venosa. As junções safeno-femoral e safeno-poplítea foram fontes de refluxo em 12 e 6% das extremidades, respectivamente. Considerando a associação entre classificação clínica CEAP e insuficiência das junções das safenas, foi observada diferença significativa entre presença de refluxo nas junções safeno-femoral (p = 0,0009) e safeno-poplítea (p = 0,0006) na doença avançada. CONCLUSÕES: O refluxo inicia-se predominantemente em segmentos no trajeto das veias safenas. As junções das safenas não são as principais fontes causadoras do refluxo no sistema venoso superficial. À medida que piora a apresentação clínica da insuficiência venosa, aumenta a probabilidade de refluxo nas junções das safenas.

Palavras-chave

Insuficiência venosa, varizes, veia safena, ultra-som, Doppler

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Presence of reflux in saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctions represents important data for indication of varicose vein surgery. Studies demonstrated that in most patients with chronic venous insufficiency junctions are competent and reflux is present in segments in the course of saphenous veins. OBJECTIVES: To identify the probability of different reflux patterns in the saphenous veins of women with various degrees of chronic venous insufficiency and to evaluate whether junction impairment is associated with severity of venous insufficiency. METHODS: A total of 1,184 lower limbs of 672 women were evaluated by color-flow Doppler ultrasonography and classified according to clinical, etiologic, anatomic and pathophysiological classification (CEAP). The extremities were divided according to severity of venous insufficiency into three groups: mild (CEAP C1-C2), moderate (CEAP C3) and severe (CEAP C4-C6). Bayes' theorem was used to evaluate CEAP classification as a predictor of reflux patterns. The association between CEAP clinical classification and reflux patterns with or without saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal insufficiency was analyzed using chi-square test (p < 0.05). RESULTS: Out of 1,184 lower limbs, 50.2% had varicose veins without edema (CEAP C2). The most common reflux pattern was the segmental in both great (35.14%) and small (8%) saphenous vein, regardless of severity of venous insufficiency. Saphenofemoral and saphenopopliteal junctions were the source of reflux in 12 and 6% of lower limbs, respectively. Considering the association between CEAP clinical class and saphenous vein insufficiency, there was significant difference between presence of reflux in saphenofemoral (p = 0.0009) and saphenopopliteal (p = 0.0006) junctions in advanced disease. CONCLUSIONS: Venous reflux begins mainly in saphenous vein segments. Saphenous vein junctions are not the main sources of reflux in the superficial venous system. Risk of reflux in saphenous vein junctions increases with clinical severity of chronic venous insufficiency.

Keywords

Venous insufficiency, varicose veins, saphenous vein, ultrasonics, Doppler

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