Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492008000200002
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Endovascular treatment of aortic arch aneurysms

Tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas de arco aórtico

Roberto Chiesa; Germano Melissano; Yamume Tshomba; Efrem Civilini; Enrico Maria Marone; Luca Bertoglio; Fabio Massimo Calliari; Bruno Di Bernardo

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000200002 J Vasc Bras, vol.7, n2, p.90-98, 2008
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Abstract

BACKGROUND: Endovascular approach to the aortic arch is an appealing solution for selected patients. OBJECTIVE: To compare the technical and clinical success recorded in the different anatomical settings of endografting for aortic arch disease. METHODS: Between June 1999 and October 2006, among 178 patients treated at our institution for thoracic aorta disease with a stent-graft, the aortic arch was involved in 64 cases. According to the classification proposed by Ishimaru, aortic zone 0 was involved in 14 cases, zone 1 in 12 cases and zone 2 in 38 cases. A hybrid surgical procedure of supra-aortic debranching and revascularization was performed in 37 cases. RESULTS: Zone 0. Proximal neck length: 44±6 mm. Initial clinical success was 78.6%: two deaths (stroke), one type Ia endoleak. At a mean follow-up of 16.4±11 months the midterm clinical success was 85.7%. Zone 1. Proximal neck length: 28±5 mm. Initial clinical success was 66.7%: 0 deaths, four type Ia endoleaks. At a mean follow-up of 16.9±17.2 months the midterm clinical success was 75.0%. Zone 2. Proximal neck length: 30±5 mm. Initial clinical success was 84.2%: two deaths (one cardiac arrest, one multiorgan embolization), three type Ia endoleaks, one case of open conversion. Two cases of delayed transitory paraparesis/paraplegia were observed. At a mean follow-up of 28.0±17.2 months the midterm clinical success was 89.5%. CONCLUSIONS: This study and a literature review demonstrated that hybrid procedure for aortic arch pathology is feasible in selected patients at high risk for conventional surgery. Our experience is still limited by the relatively small sample size. We propose to reserve zone 1 for patients unfit for sternotomy or in cases with aortic neck length > 30 mm following left common carotid artery debranching. We recommend to perform complete aortic rerouting of the aortic arch in cases with lesser comorbidities and shorter aortic neck.

Keywords

Aortic arch, endovascular treatment, stent-graft, hybrid procedure

Resumo

CONTEXTO: O tratamento endovascular dos aneurismas do arco aórtico é uma solução interessante para pacientes selecionados. OBJETIVO: Comparar os sucessos técnico e clínico registrados nas diferentes regiões anatômicas do arco aórtico após a colocação de endoprótese. MÉTODOS: Entre junho de 1999 e outubro de 2006, 178 pacientes foram tratados na nossa instituição devido a doenças da aorta torácica com a colocação de endoprótese, sendo que o arco aórtico estava envolvido em 64 casos. De acordo com a classificação proposta por Ishimaru, a zona aórtica 0 estava envolvida em 14 casos, zona 1 em 12 casos e zona 2 em 38 casos. Procedimentos de debranching do arco aórtico e revascularização extra-anatômica dos troncos supra-aórticos foram realizados em 37 casos para obter um adequado colo aórtico proximal. RESULTADOS: Zona 0. Comprimento do colo proximal: 44±6 mm. Sucesso clínico inicial de 78,6%: dois óbitos (acidente vascular cerebral), um vazamento do tipo Ia. Seguimento médio de 16,4±11 meses com sucesso clínico a médio prazo de 85,7%. Zona 1. Comprimento do colo proximal: 28±5 mm. Sucesso clínico inicial de 66,7%: 0 óbitos, quatro vazamentos do tipo Ia. Seguimento médio de 16,9±17,2 meses com sucesso clínico a médio prazo de 75%. Zona 2. Comprimento do colo proximal: 30±5 mm. Sucesso clínico inicial de 84,2%: dois óbitos (um infarto cardíaco e uma embolização de múltiplos órgãos), três vazamentos do tipo Ia, um caso de conversão para operação aberta. Dois casos de paraparesia/paraplegia transitória tardia foram observados. Seguimento médio de 28,0±17,2 meses com sucesso clínico a médio prazo de 89,5%. CONCLUSÃO: Este estudo e a análise da literatura demonstram que o procedimento híbrido para moléstia do arco aórtico é factível em pacientes selecionados com alto risco para a operação convencional. Nossa experiência ainda é limitada pelo tamanho relativamente pequeno da amostra. Sugerimos reservar a zona 1 para pacientes inadequados para esternotomia ou em casos de comprimento do colo aórtico proximal > 30 mm apos revascularização da artéria carótida comum esquerda. Sugerimos realizar revascularização completa do arco aórtico em pacientes adequados com um colo aórtico proximal mais curto.

Palavras-chave

Arco aórtico, tratamento endovascular, endoprótese, procedimento híbrido

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