Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492008000200003
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Tratamento endovascular da estenose da artéria renal em rim único

Endovascular treatment of renal stenosis in solitary kidney

Ana Terezinha Guillaumon; Eduardo Faccini Rocha; Charles Angotti Furtado de Medeiros

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000200003 J Vasc Bras, vol.7, n2, p.99-105, 2008
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Resumo

CONTEXTO: O tratamento endovascular da doença renal hipertensiva, em doentes com rim único, conseqüente à estenose de artéria renal, mostrou ser efetivo na prevenção da falência do órgão, sua função e controle da hipertensão. Quando indicado após avaliação criteriosa, tanto bioquímica como por imagens e sinais do doente, o tratamento endovascular apresenta benefícios clínicos de forma efetiva e pouco invasiva. OBJETIVO: Estudar a doença hipertensiva renovascular e avaliar a eficácia do tratamento endovascular no controle da hipertensão arterial sistêmica e da insuficiência renal secundárias à estenose da artéria renal e como medida de prevenção de falência renal em doentes com rim único funcionante. MÉTODO: Estudo realizado com protocolo de atendimento previamente elaborado, no Centro de Referência de Alta Complexidade em Cirurgia Endovascular do Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade de Campinas, de abril de 1997 a junho de 2005, em 10 doentes com diagnóstico de estenose da artéria renal em rim único funcionante, submetidos ao tratamento endovascular. Foi avaliada a melhora da hipertensão e função renal através de seguimento clínico e laboratorial com medidas de pressão arterial, dosagens séricas de uréia, creatinina e clearance. Exames pelo eco-color-Doppler foram realizados no pós-operatório de 30 dias, 3 meses, 6 meses e anualmente; no caso de haver alguma dúvida na obtenção de imagens ou sinais, foi realizada a aortografia e arteriografia seletiva renal. Nesta casuística, 90% dos doentes apresentavam hipertensão arterial, 70% eram tabagistas, 40%, hiperlipidêmicos, 30% apresentavam doença oclusiva cerebral extracraniana, 60%, obstrução arterial crônica nos membros inferiores, e 20%, diabetes melito. RESULTADOS: O sucesso inicial foi de 100%. O seguimento médio foi de 40 meses. Houve controle da pressão arterial em 90%, diminuição significativa dos níveis de uréia e creatinina após procedimento e piora do quadro de hipertensão em 10%. CONCLUSÃO: O tratamento endovascular da estenose da artéria renal é uma técnica que apresenta benefícios clínicos no controle da hipertensão arterial, preserva a função renal e desacelera a progressão da insuficiência renal crônica de origem renovascular, porém sem melhora desta.

Palavras-chave

Hipertensão renovascular, estenose, stents

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Endovascular treatment of hypertensive renal disease in patients with a solitary kidney secondary to renal artery stenosis proved to be effective to prevent organ failure and function, as well as hypertension control. When indicated after judicious evaluation using both biochemical methods and the patient's images and signs, endovascular treatment has effective clinical benefits and is little invasive. OBJECTIVE: To study renal artery stenosis with hypertension and evaluate the effectiveness of endovascular treatment in the control of hypertension, renal failure secondary to renal artery stenosis, and in the prevention of renal failure in patients with a solitary kidney. METHODS: This study was performed at the Reference Center of High Complexity in Endovascular Surgery of Hospital de Clínicas da Universidade de Campinas from April 1997 through June 2005 using a previously developed protocol. Ten patients with renal artery stenosis and solitary kidney submitted to endovascular treatment were included. Improvement in hypertension and renal function was assessed through clinical follow-up and laboratory tests using measurements of blood pressure, serum urea levels, creatinine and clearance. Color-flow Doppler ultrasound was performed 30, 90, 180 days after the surgery and yearly thereafter. Aortography and selective renal arteriography were performed in case of doubt as to images or signs. For this population, 90% had hypertension, 70% were smokers, 40% had hyperlipidemia, 30% had carotid artery occlusive disease, 60% had chronic lower limb arterial occlusion, and 20% had diabetes mellitus. RESULTS: Immediate success was 100%. Mean follow-up time was 40 months. Control of blood pressure occurred in 90% of the cases, and in 10% there was significant reduction in urea and creatinine levels and worsening of hypertension after the procedure. CONCLUSION: Endovascular treatment of renal artery stenosis is a technique that has clinical benefits in hypertension control, preserving renal function and progression of this disease, but without improvement in renal function.

Keywords

Renovascular hypertension, stenosis, stent

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