Tromboflebite superficial: epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento

Marcone Lima Sobreira; Winston Bonneti Yoshida; Sidnei Lastória

doi:10.1590/S1677-54492008000200007

Review Article

Tromboflebite superficial: epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento

Superficial thrombophlebitis: epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment

Marcone Lima Sobreira; Winston Bonneti Yoshida; Sidnei Lastória

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000200007 J Vasc Bras, vol.7, n2, p.131-143, 2008

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Resumo

A tromboflebite superficial de membros inferiores é doença de ocorrência comum, estando associada a diversas condições clínicas e cirúrgicas. Historicamente considerada doença benigna, devido à sua localização superficial e ao fácil diagnóstico, o tratamento foi conservador durante muito tempo, na maioria dos casos. Entretanto, relatos recentes de freqüências altas de complicações tromboembólicas associadas - 22 a 37% para trombose venosa profunda e até 33% para embolia pulmonar - alertaram para a necessidade de abordagens diagnósticas e terapêuticas mais amplas, visando diagnosticar e tratar essas possíveis complicações. A possibilidade da coexistência dessas e de outras desordens sistêmicas (colagenoses, neoplasias, trombofilias) interfere na avaliação e influencia a conduta terapêutica, que pode ser clínica, cirúrgica ou combinada. No entanto, devido à falta de ensaios clínicos controlados e às incertezas quanto a sua história natural, o diagnóstico e o tratamento da tromboflebite superficial continuam indefinidos. Neste trabalho, foi feita uma revisão da literatura analisando-se a epidemiologia, fisiopatologia e estado atual do diagnóstico e tratamento da tromboflebite superficial.

Palavras-chave

Embolia pulmonar, profilaxia, tromboflebite, tromboflebite superficial, trombose venosa profunda

Abstract

Superficial thrombophlebitis of the lower limbs is a commonly occurring disease, and it is associated with various clinical and surgical conditions. Historically considered to be a benign disease due to its superficial location and easy diagnosis, its treatment was, for a long time, conservative in most cases. Nevertheless, recent reports of high frequency and associated thromboembolic complications, which vary from 22 to 37% for deep venous thrombosis and up to 33% for pulmonary embolism, have indicated the need for broader diagnostic and therapeutic approaches in order to diagnose and treat such possible complications. The possibility of coexistence of these and other systemic disorders (collagenosis, neoplasia, thrombophilia) interferes with evaluation and influences therapeutic conduct, which may be clinical, surgical or combined. However, due to a lack of controlled clinical assays as well as to a series of uncertainties regarding its natural history, the diagnosis and treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis remain undefined. A literature review was performed analyzing the epidemiology, physiopathology and current status of the diagnosis and treatment of superficial thrombophlebitis.

Keywords

Pulmonary embolism, prevention and control, thrombophlebitis, superficial thrombophlebitis, deep venous thrombosis

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Tromboflebite superficial: epidemiologia, fisiopatologia, diagnóstico e tratamento

Superficial thrombophlebitis: epidemiology, physiopathology, diagnosis and treatment

Marcone Lima Sobreira; Winston Bonneti Yoshida; Sidnei Lastória

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