Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300006
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Fatores de morbimortalidade na cirurgia eletiva do aneurisma da aorta abdominal infra-renal: experiência de 134 casos

Morbidity and mortality factors in the elective surgery of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm: a case study with 134 patients

Aquiles Tadashi Ywata de Carvalho; Vanessa Prado dos Santos; Álvaro Razuk Filho; Walter Karakhaian; Henrique Jorge Guedes Neto; Valter Castelli Jr.; Roberto Augusto Caffaro

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300006 J Vasc Bras, vol.7, n3, p.214-224, 2008
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Resumo

CONTEXTO: O tratamento cirúrgico convencional do aneurisma da aorta abdominal (AAA) infra-renal pode resultar em complicações graves. A fim de otimizar os resultados na evolução do tratamento, é importante que sejam identificados os pacientes predispostos a determinadas complicações e instituídas condutas preventivas. OBJETIVOS: Avaliar a taxa de mortalidade operatória precoce, analisar as complicações pós-operatórias e identificar os fatores de risco relacionados com a morbimortalidade. MÉTODO: Foram analisados 134 pacientes com AAA infra-renal submetidos a correção cirúrgica eletiva no período de fevereiro de 2001 a dezembro de 2005. RESULTADOS: A taxa de mortalidade foi de 5,2%, sendo secundária principalmente a infarto agudo de miocárdio (IAM) e isquemia mesentérica. As complicações cardíacas foram as mais freqüentes, seguidas das pulmonares e renais. A presença de diabetes melito (DM), insuficiência cardíaca congestiva (ICC), insuficiência coronariana (ICO) e cintilografia miocárdica positiva para isquemia estiveram associadas às complicações cardíacas. A idade avançada, a doença pulmonar obstrutiva crônica (DPOC) e a capacidade vital forçada reduzida aumentaram os riscos de atelectasia e pneumonia. História de nefropatia, tempo de pinçamento aórtico prolongado e níveis de uréia elevados aumentaram os riscos de insuficiência respiratória aguda (IRA). A isquemia dos membros inferiores esteve associada ao tabagismo e à idade avançada, e a maior taxa de mortalidade, à presença de coronariopatia, tempos prolongados de pinçamento aórtico e de cirurgia. CONCLUSÃO: A taxa de morbimortalidade esteve compatível com a literatura nacional e internacional, sendo secundária às complicações cardíacas, respiratórias e renais. Os fatores de risco identificados no pré e transoperatório estiveram relacionados com essas complicações.

Palavras-chave

Aneurisma da aorta abdominal, morbidade, mortalidade, procedimentos cirúrgicos eletivos, fatores de risco

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Conventional surgical treatment of infrarenal abdominal aortic aneurysm (AAA) can result in serious complications. To optimize treatment outcome it is important to identify patients at risk of having complications and implement prophylaxis. OBJECTIVES: To analyze early surgical mortality rate and postsurgical complications, and to identify risk factors related to morbidity and mortality. METHOD: A total of 134 patients with infrarenal AAA submitted to elective surgical correction from February 2001 to December 2005 were analyzed. RESULTS: The mortality rate (5.2%) was secondary mainly to acute myocardial infarction and intestinal ischemia. Heart-related complications were the most frequent, followed by lung and kidney complications. Presence of diabetes mellitus, congestive heart failure, coronary artery disease, and scintigraphy suggestive of ischemia were related to cardiac complications. Advanced age, chronic obstructive lung disease and reduced forced vital capacity were related to higher risks of atelectasis and pulmonary infection. Presence of renal failure, prolonged aortic clamping and high urea rates were related to acute renal failure. Smoking and advanced age were associated with lower limb ischemia. Presence of obstructive coronary insufficiency and prolonged aortic clamping and surgery time were associated with higher mortality rate. CONCLUSION: The morbidity and mortality rate was compatible with data found in the national and international literature, secondary to cardiac, pulmonary and kidney complications. Identified risk factors before and during the surgery were related to these complications.

Keywords

Abdominal aortic aneurysm, morbidity, mortality, elective surgical procedures, risk factors

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