Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300008
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Original Article

Curva de aprendizado em cirurgia aórtica videolaparoscópica: estudo experimental em porcos

Laparoscopic aortic surgery learning curve: experimental study in pigs

Ricardo de Alvarenga Yoshida; Winston Bonetti Yoshida; Hamilton de Almeida Rollo; Ralf Kolvenbach; Sílvia Elaine Rodolfo de Sá Lorena

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300008 J Vasc Bras, vol.7, n3, p.231-238, 2008
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Resumo

CONTEXTO: A cirurgia videolaparoscópica (CVL) vem evoluindo como alternativa cirúrgica menos invasiva para o tratamento da doença aterosclerótica oclusiva aorto-ilíaca e do aneurisma da aorta abdominal. Poucos estudos avaliaram objetivamente a curva de aprendizado com essa técnica em cirurgia vascular. OBJETIVO: Avaliar objetivamente os tempos e a evolução de cada passo cirúrgico e demonstrar a exeqüibilidade dessa técnica. MÉTODOS: Entre outubro 2007 e janeiro de 2008, dois cirurgiões vasculares iniciantes na CVL operaram, após cursos e treinamentos, seis porcos consecutivos, com dissecção aórtica e interposição de um enxerto de dácron em um segmento da aorta infra-renal abdominal, com técnica totalmente laparoscópica. RESULTADOS: Todos os tempos cirúrgicos foram decrescentes ao longo do estudo, apresentando redução de 45,9% no tempo total de cirurgia, 85,8% no tempo de dissecção da aorta, 81,2% na exposição da aorta, 55,1% no clampeamento total, 71% na confecção da anastomose proximal e 64,9% na anastomose distal. CONCLUSÃO: O presente estudo mostrou que os resultados técnicos satisfatórios da CVL vascular ocorreram somente após longa curva de aprendizado, que foi decrescente ao longo do tempo, à medida que aumentou a experiência e vivência com os materiais e com a visão não-estereoscópica. Essa técnica pode ser realizada com perfeição por cirurgiões vasculares desde que façam cursos especializados, com treinamento em simuladores e animais, e desde que busquem constante aprimoramento a fim de conseguir resultados similares aos obtidos com a cirurgia convencional.

Palavras-chave

Cirurgia videoassistida, aorta, doenças vasculares, aprendizagem, modelos animais

Abstract

BACKGROUND: Laparoscopic aortic surgery (LAS) is evolving as a minimal invasive alternative technique for the treatment of abdominal aortic aneurysms and peripheral aortoiliac arterial disease. Few articles have objectively evaluated the technique learning curve in vascular surgery. OBJECTIVE: The aim of the present experimental study was to demonstrate surgical feasibility and evaluate each surgical step of LAS. METHODS: Between October 2007 and January 2008, two beginning surgeons attended laparoscopic courses and operated on six consecutive pigs with a total laparoscopic retroperitoneal aortic dissection and interposition of a Dacron tube graft in the infrarenal aortic segment. Both anastomoses were performed under total laparoscopic technique. RESULTS: All surgical time curves decreased along time: 45.9% in total surgical time, 85.8% in dissection time, 81.2% in aortic exposure, 55.1% in total cross-clamping, 71% in proximal anastomosis and 64.9% in distal anastomosis. CONCLUSION:This experimental study showed that satisfactory results with LAS were only reached after a long learning curve. However, this learning curve decreased along time, as experience with the technique, materials and non-stereoscopic vision improved. Vascular surgeons should attend practical courses and should have training opportunities in simulators and animals to achieve results similar to those of conventional surgery.

Keywords

Video-assisted surgery, aorta, vascular diseases, learning, animal models

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