Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300010
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Review Article

Current status of infrapopliteal artery stenting in patients with critical limb ischemia

Estado atual do uso de stents na artéria infrapolítea em pacientes com isquemia crítica do membro

Marc Bosiers; Koen Deloose; Rodrigo Moreialvar; Jurgen Verbist; Patrick Peeters

http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/S1677-54492008000300010 J Vasc Bras, vol.7, n3, p.248-255, 2008
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Abstract

Due to the fear that early thrombosis and late luminal loss resulting from intimal hyperplasia might impede sustained patency of small-caliber arteries, such as those of the infrapopliteal bed, stent implantation in below-knee vessels remains controversial and is generally reserved for cases with a suboptimal outcome after percutaneous transluminal angioplasty (i.e. > 50% residual stenosis, flow-limiting dissection). Although evidence starts to build, favoring the use of stenting in the tibial area, results of well-conducted randomized controlled trials have to be awaited to change this strategy. Because of diameter similarities with coronary arteries, the first stents applied in the infrapopliteal vessels were all coronary devices. Once the feasibility of the stenting approach with these coronary products was shown, device manufacturers started to develop a dedicated infrapopliteal product range. To date, a broad spectrum of stent types has been used and investigated for the given indication. This article overviews the available literature and results of different balloon-expandable (bare metal, passive coated, drug eluting), self-expanding and absorbable stent types available for below-the-knee application and gives recommendations for future device technology advancements.

Keywords

Stents, ischemia, arteriosclerosis

Resumo

Devido ao receio de que a trombose precoce ou a estenose tardia por hiperplasia intimal possam impedir a manutenção da perviedade em vasos de pequeno calibre, o uso de stents pós-angioplastia no leito arterial infrapoplíteo permanece controverso e geralmente é reservado aos casos de resultado subótimo após angioplastia transluminal percutânea (isto é, estenose residual > 50% ou dissecção com limitação do fluxo). Apesar de evidências começarem a favorecer o uso de stents no segmento tibial, é necessário aguardar o resultado de ensaios controlados, randomizados e bem conduzidos para mudar esta estratégia. Sendo estes vasos infrapoplíteos de diâmetro similar às artérias coronárias, os primeiros stents usados neste segmento eram todos stents coronários. Uma vez que se mostrou exeqüível o uso destes stents, a indústria iniciou o desenvolvimento de uma linha de produtos específicos ao segmento infrapoplíteo. Atualmente uma gama de stents tem sido usada e investigada para este fim. Este artigo revê resultados disponíveis na literatura com diferentes stents expansíveis por balão (metal não-recoberto, revestimento passivo, eluição de fármacos), auto-expansíveis e absorvíveis disponíveis para o segmento infrapoplíteo e apresenta recomendações para os futuros avanços tecnológicos dos dispositivos.

Palavras-chave

Stents, isquemia, arteriosclerose

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