Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
https://jvascbras.org/article/doi/10.1590/jvb.2014.041
Jornal Vascular Brasileiro
Review Article

Pulmonary artery aneurysms in Behçet disease

Aneurismas de artérias pulmonares na doença de Behçet

Shi-Min Yuan

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Abstract

Pulmonary artery aneurysms (PAAs) are the most common type of pulmonary involvement in Behçet's disease. However, the relationships between clinical features and prognosis have not been sufficiently evaluated. This article describes the results of a comprehensive review, revealing that PAAs have a predilection for hemoptysis manifestations, increased dimensions, right lower lobar location, multiplicity and concurrent intramural thrombus formation. Surgical intervention was needed in one third of patients. Patients with massive hemoptysis and PAA rupture warranted emergency operations. Conservatively treated patients were prone to PAA progression; interventional embolization was associated with higher risks of recurrence and reintervention for PAAs; and surgically treated patients exhibited the highest mortality rates. In conclusion, PAAs in Behçet's disease are characterized by a predilection for hemoptysis manifestations, right lower lobar location, multiplicity, and concurrent intramural thrombus formation. Both the condition itself and the surgical operations it warrants are linked with high mortality due to PAA hemorrhage.

Keywords

hemoptysis, therapeutic embolization, vasculitis

Resumo

Os aneurismas das artérias pulmonares (PAA) são as manifestações mais comuns dos pulmões na doença de Behçet. No entanto, as relações entre as características clínicas e o prognóstico ainda não foram devidamente explicadas. O objetivo do presente artigo foi fazer uma ampla revisão da literatura sobre esta questão. As fontes de dados contaram com uma ampla revisão bibliográfica dos anos de 1990 a 2013, sobre os seguintes temas: doença de Behçet, síndrome de Hughes-Stovin, aneurisma de artéria pulmonar e pseudoaneurisma da artéria pulmonar. Os PAA evoluíram com predileção por hemoptise, aumento de dimensões, localização no lobo inferior direito, multiplicidade e formação de trombo intramural. A intervenção cirúrgica foi necessária em um terço dos pacientes. O tratamento cirúrgico emergencial foi indicado na vigência de ruptura do PAA e de hemoptise maciça. Os pacientes tratados conservadoramente evoluíram com propensão para a progressão do PAA. A embolização dos PAA foi associada a uma taxa maior de recidiva e de reintervenção. Houve diferença significativa entre os grupos quanto às taxas de mortalidade, tendo o grupo do tratamento cirúrgico apresentado a maior taxa. Dentre as variáveis citadas, a hemoptise, o envolvimento da artéria lobar e a ruptura do PAA foram fatores preditivos de maior risco de mortalidade. Houve diferenças significativas nas taxas de mortalidade entre os pacientes cirúrgicos e intervencionistas, e entre os três grupos de pacientes: cirúrgico, intervencionista e conservador. Os pacientes tiveram uma sobrevida global de 61,7% em um seguimento médio de 22,5 meses. Os PAA, na doença de Behçet, apresentaram as seguintes predileções: tendência a hemoptise, multiplicidade, localização no lobo inferior direito e presença de trombos intramurais. As rupturas e hemorragias dos PAA, aliadas ao necessário tratamento cirúrgico emergencial, resultaram no aumento de mortalidade destes pacientes.

Palavras-chave

hemoptise, embolização terapêutica, vasculite

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